· This is the movement of people from rural to urban areas. It is caused by the push and pull factors.
· Political insecurity in some rural areas.
· The need to escape from the archaic social customs e.g. circumcision.
· Some criminals escape from rural communities to avoid punishments.
· Natural calamities like floods and famine may force people out of rural areas
· Lack of land by some youths due to the unfair land tenure system.
· Lack of market for agricultural produce.
· Escape from local disputes
· Seasonal changes
· Outbreak of diseases in rural areas.
· The search for jobs in towns e.g. by house girls and porters-
· The need for improved social services such as education and health. These are poor in rural areas
· The wage gap between the rural and urban areas.
· The increasing freedom of the youths and lack of parental control over their children.
· The desire to enjoy life in urban recreation centres.
· The extended family system encourages the youths to join their relative in towns.
Effects
· It leads to the creation of slums e.g. Bwaise in Kampala.
· It leads to an increase in urban unemployment.
· It leads to increased urban crime like pick pocketing, burglary and theft.
· It leads immoral acts e.g. prostitution, drug abuse etc.
· Quick spread of diseases due to overcrowding, floods and poor sanitation.
· Increased pressure on land in swamps.
· Rural underdevelopment since most energetic youths run to towns.
· Famine and malnutrition in rural areas
· An increase in the number of street children
· Increased dependence burden
· Increased government expenditure to provide social services and curb crime.
· Leads to the break up of family and cultural ties and erosion of cultural values
· It contributes to cheap labour in towns.
· It leads to increased demand for food and other commodities in town
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